M'chaka chino, mliri wa covid 19 udachulukanso m'maboma ndi m'mizinda yambiri, chipatala chokhazikika, chomwe chidakwezedwa ngati chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi, chikuyambitsa ntchito yomanga yayikulu kwambiri kutsekedwa kwa Wuhan Leishenshan ndi Huoshenshan modular zipatala.
National Health Commission (NHS) yati ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pali zipatala ziwiri mpaka 3 zokhazikika m'chigawo chilichonse. Ngakhale chipatala chokhazikika sichinamangidwe, tiyenera kukhala ndi mapulani omangira kuti titsimikizire kuti zikufunika mwachangu-zipatala zongoyembekezera zitha kumangidwa ndikumalizidwa mkati mwa masiku awiri.
Jiao Yahui, mkulu wa NHC's Medical Administration Bureau adanena pamsonkhano wa atolankhani womwe unachitikira ndi State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism pa March 22 kuti pakali pano pali zipatala za 33 zokhazikika zomwe zamangidwa kapena zikumangidwa; Zipatala 20 zokhazikika zamangidwa ndipo 13 zikumangidwa, zomwe zili ndi mabedi 35,000. Zipatala zosakhalitsa izi zimakhazikika ku Jilin, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Fujian, Liaoning ...
Changchun modular pogona chipatala
Chipatala chosakhalitsa ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha zomangamanga kwakanthawi, nthawi yomanga chipatala chokhazikika nthawi zambiri sichidutsa sabata imodzi kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kubereka komaliza.
Zipatala zosakhalitsa zimagwira ntchito ngati mlatho pakati pa kudzipatula ndi kupita kuzipatala zosankhidwa, ndikupewa kuwononga zithandizo zamankhwala.
Mu 2020, zipatala 16 zokhazikika zidamangidwa mkati mwa milungu itatu ku Wuhan, ndipo adachiritsa odwala pafupifupi 12,000 m'mwezi umodzi, ndipo adakwanitsa kufa zero kwa odwala komanso matenda a zero azachipatala. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatala zosakhalitsa kwabweretsedwanso ku United States, Germany, Italy, Spain ndi mayiko ena.
Chipatala chosinthidwa kuchokera ku New York Convention and Exhibition Center (Source: Dezeen)
Chipatala chosinthika chosinthidwa kuchokera ku Berlin Airport ku Germany(Source:Dezeen)
Kuyambira m'mahema anthawi ya anthu osamukasamuka kupita ku nyumba zomangidwa kale zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa kulikonse, mpaka zipatala zosakhalitsa zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamavuto amzindawu masiku ano, nyumba zosakhalitsa zachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu.
Ntchito yoyimira nthawi ya kusintha kwa mafakitale "London Crystal Palace" ndiye nyumba yoyamba yosakhalitsa yokhala ndi tanthauzo la trans-epoch. Malo akuluakulu osakhalitsa pa World Expo ali ndi zitsulo ndi magalasi. Zinatenga miyezi yosakwana 9 kuti amalize. Pambuyo pake, idaphwanyidwa ndikutumizidwa kumalo ena, ndipo kugwirizanitsanso kunakwaniritsidwa bwino.
Crystal Palace, UK (Chitsime: Baidu)
Katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Japan dzina lake Noriaki Kurokawa’s Takara Beautilion pavilion pa 1970 World Expo ku Osaka, Japan, anali ndi makoko apakati amene akanatha kuchotsedwa kapena kusunthidwa pa mafupa a zitsulo zopingasa, kusonyeza sitepe yaikulu yopita patsogolo m’ntchito yomanga kwakanthaŵi.
Takara Beautilion pavilion (Chitsime: Archdaily)
Masiku ano, nyumba zosakhalitsa zomwe zimatha kumangidwa mwachangu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'chilichonse kuyambira pakuyika nyumba zosakhalitsa mpaka pakanthawi kochepa, kuchokera kumalo operekera chithandizo chadzidzidzi, malo ochitira nyimbo mpaka Malo owonetsera.
01 Tsoka likachitika, zomanga zosakhalitsa zimakhala zogona thupi ndi mzimu
Masoka achilengedwe aakulu sadziŵika, ndipo mosapeŵeka anthu amasamuka chifukwa cha masokawo. Poyang'anizana ndi masoka achilengedwe ndi opangidwa ndi anthu, zomangamanga zosakhalitsa sizili zophweka ngati "nzeru yanthawi yomweyo", yomwe tingathe kuona nzeru yokonzekera tsiku lamvula komanso udindo wa anthu komanso chisamaliro chaumunthu kumbuyo kwa mapangidwe.
Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Japan, Shigeru Ban, adayang'ana pa kafukufuku wa zomangamanga zosakhalitsa, pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala a mapepala kuti apange malo osakhalitsa omwe ali otetezeka komanso olimba. Kuyambira m'ma 1990, nyumba zake zamapepala zitha kuwoneka pambuyo pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni ya Rwanda ku Africa, chivomezi cha kobe ku Japan, chivomezi cha Wenchuan ku China, chivomerezi cha Haiti, tsunami kumpoto kwa Japan ndi masoka ena. Kuphatikiza pa nyumba zosinthira pambuyo pa ngozi, adamanganso masukulu ndi matchalitchi ndi mapepala, kuti amange malo okhala auzimu kwa ozunzidwa. Mu 2014, Ban adapambana Pritzker Prize for Architecture.
Nyumba Yosakhalitsa Pambuyo pa Tsoka ku Sri Lanka (Source: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kumanga sukulu kwakanthawi ku Chengdu Hualin Primary School (Magwero: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
New Zealand Paper Church (Magwero: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Pankhani ya COVID-19, Ban adabweretsanso mapangidwe abwino kwambiri. Malo okhala kwaokhawo amatha kumangidwa pophatikiza mapepala ndi machubu amapepala omwe amatha kusiyanitsa kachilomboka, komanso mawonekedwe otsika mtengo, osavuta kukonzanso komanso osavuta kumanga. Mankhwalawa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo operekera katemera kwakanthawi, kukhala kwaokha komanso pogona ku ishikawa, Nara ndi madera ena ku Japan.
(Chitsime: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kuphatikiza pa ukadaulo wake wamachubu amapepala, Ban nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa kale kuti amange nyumba. Anagwiritsa ntchito zotengera zingapo kuti amange nyumba yosakhalitsa ya mabanja 188 kwa ozunzidwa aku Japan, kuyesa pakumanga ziwiya zazikulu. Zotengera zimayikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi ma cranes ndikulumikizidwa ndi ma twistlock.
Kutengera njira zamafakitale izi, nyumba zosakhalitsa zitha kumangidwa mwachangu pakanthawi kochepa komanso kukhala ndi zivomezi zabwino.
(Chitsime: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Palinso zoyesayesa zambiri za akatswiri a zomangamanga aku China kuti amange nyumba zosakhalitsa pakachitika ngozi.
Pambuyo pa chivomezi cha "5.12", mmisiri wa zomangamanga Zhu Jingxiang m'kachisi wowonongeka wa malo a pulayimale a sichuan kuti amange sukulu ya pulayimale, sukulu yatsopano ili ndi malo okwana 450 square metres, kachisi wa anthu a m'mudzimo, ndi odzipereka oposa 30 amanga, nyumba yaikulu yomanga. mawonekedwe a thupi AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO chitsulo chopepuka, pepala lopangidwa ndi pepala lodzaza ndi envelopu ndikukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa dongosolo lonse, Imatha kupirira chivomezi 10. Zida zotetezera ndi kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi zomangamanga zambirimbiri komanso kuyika bwino kwa zitseko ndi Mawindo kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyumbayo imakhala yotentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira m'chilimwe komanso imakhala ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe. Atangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito sukulu, njira yodutsamo sitima iyenera kuchotsedwa. Kusuntha kwa mapangidwe oyambirira kumatsimikizira kuti sukulu ikhoza kumangidwanso m'malo osiyanasiyana popanda zinyalala.
((Source:Archdaily)
Katswiri wa zomangamanga Yingjun Xie adapanga "Cooperation House", yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse zomwe zilipo monga zomangira, monga nthambi, miyala, zomera, nthaka ndi zipangizo zina zapaderalo, ndikukonza anthu okhala m'deralo kuti agwire nawo ntchito yomanga ndi kumanga, ndikuyembekeza kukwaniritsa mgwirizano. umodzi wa mapangidwe, zipangizo, malo, aesthetics ndi lingaliro zisathe zomangamanga. Nyumba yanthawi yochepa ya "chipinda chogwirira ntchito" yathandiza kwambiri pakumanga kwadzidzidzi pambuyo pa chivomezi.
(Chitsime: Xie Yingying Architects)
02 Nyumba zosakhalitsa, mphamvu yatsopano ya zomangamanga zokhazikika
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha kusintha kwa mafakitale, zomangamanga zamakono komanso kufika kwathunthu kwa nthawi ya chidziwitso, magulu a nyumba zazikulu ndi zodula zokhazikika zamangidwa m'kanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeko zambiri za zomangamanga zomwe sizingakonzedwenso. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwazinthu kwapangitsa anthu masiku ano kukayikira "kukhazikika" kwa zomangamanga. Katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Japan, Toyo Ito, adanenapo kuti zomangamanga ziyenera kukhala zosasinthika komanso zochitika nthawi yomweyo.
Panthawiyi, ubwino wa nyumba zosakhalitsa zimawululidwa. Nyumba zosakhalitsa zikamaliza ntchito yawo, sizidzawononga chilengedwe, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha mizinda.
Mu 2000, Shigeru Ban ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Germany, Frei Otto, adapanga pepala la arched dome la Japan Pavilion pa World Expo ku Hannover, Germany, zomwe zinakopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kanthawi kochepa kwa Expo pavilion, bwalo la ku Japan lidzagwetsedwa pambuyo pa miyezi isanu yachiwonetsero, ndipo wojambulayo adaganiziranso nkhani yobwezeretsanso zinthu kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe.
Choncho, thupi lalikulu la nyumbayi limapangidwa ndi chubu la pepala, filimu yamapepala ndi zipangizo zina, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsanso.
Japan Pavilion pa World Expo ku Hannover, Germany (Source: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Pokonzekera pulojekiti yatsopano yamaofesi osakhalitsa a Xiongan New Area, malo atsopano aboma, katswiri wa zomangamanga Cui Kai adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa chidebe kuti akwaniritse zomanga "mwachangu" komanso "zakanthawi". Ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira za malo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa. Ngati pali zofunikira zina m'tsogolomu, zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Nyumbayo ikamaliza ntchito yake yomwe ikugwira, imatha kungopasuka ndikuigwiritsanso ntchito, kulumikizidwanso pamalo ena ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Xiogan New Area Enterprise Temporary Office Project (gwero: School of Architecture, Tianjin University)
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa "Agenda 21 ya Olympic Movement: Sports for Sustainable Development", Masewera a Olimpiki agwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro lachitukuko chokhazikika, makamaka Winter Olympics, zomwe zimafuna. kumanga malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mapiri. . Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti Masewerawa akhazikika, Masewera a Olimpiki Ozizira am'mbuyomu adagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zambiri zosakhalitsa kuti athetse vuto la malo a ntchito zothandizira.
Mu 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, Cypress Mountain anamanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha mahema osakhalitsa mozungulira choyambirira chipale chofewa utumiki kumunda nyumba; mu 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, mpaka 90% ya malo osakhalitsa anagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owonetserako komanso omasuka; Mu 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, pafupifupi 80% ya malo oposa 20,000 lalikulu mamita a m'nyumba ku Phoenix Ski Park kuonetsetsa kuti zochitikazo zinali nyumba zosakhalitsa.
M'masewera a Olimpiki a Zima ku Beijing mu 2022, Yunding Ski Park ku Chongli, Zhangjiakou adachita mipikisano 20 m'magulu awiri: skiing ndi snowboarding. 90% ya zomwe zimafunikira pamasewera a Olimpiki a Zima zimatengera nyumba zosakhalitsa, zokhala ndi malo osakhalitsa a 22,000 Square metres, pafupifupi kufika pamlingo wa midadada yaying'ono. Malo osakhalitsa awa amachepetsa malo okhazikika pamalopo ndikusungiranso malo oti malo otsetsereka azitha kuyenda mosalekeza kuti asinthe ndikusintha.
03 Zomangamanga zikapanda zopinga, padzakhala zotheka zambiri
Nyumba zosakhalitsa zimakhala ndi moyo waufupi ndipo zimayika malire ochepa pa malo ndi zipangizo, zomwe zidzapatse omanga malo ochulukirapo kuti azisewera ndikutanthauziranso mphamvu ndi luso la nyumba.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yotchedwa Serpentine Gallery ku London, England, mosakayikira ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zosakhalitsa zoimira padziko lonse lapansi. kuyambira 2000, Serpentine Gallery yalamula womanga kapena gulu la omanga nyumba kuti amange kanyumba kakang'ono ka chilimwe chaka chilichonse. Momwe mungapezere mwayi wambiri mnyumba zosakhalitsa ndi mutu wa Serpentine Gallery kwa omanga.
Wopanga woyamba yemwe adaitanidwa ndi Serpentine Gallery mu 2000 anali Zaha Hadid. Lingaliro la mapangidwe a Zaha linali kusiya mawonekedwe a chihema choyambirira ndikutanthauziranso tanthauzo ndi ntchito ya chihemacho. Malo owonetsera a Serpentine Gallery akhala akutsata ndikuyang'ana "kusintha ndi zatsopano" kwa zaka zambiri.
(Chitsime: Archdaily)
Malo osakhalitsa a Serpentine Gallery a 2015 adamalizidwa pamodzi ndi opanga ku Spain a José Selgas ndi Lucía Cano. Ntchito zawo zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimba mtima ndipo zimakhala ngati zachibwana, zimaphwanya masitayelo osawoneka bwino azaka zam'mbuyomu ndikubweretsa zodabwitsa zambiri kwa anthu. Polimbikitsidwa ndi njanji yapansi panthaka yomwe inali ndi anthu ambiri ku London, mmisiri wa zomangamanga adakonza bwaloli ngati mphutsi yayikulu, momwe anthu amatha kumva chisangalalo chaubwana akamadutsa mufilimu yapulasitiki yowoneka bwino.
(Chitsime: Archdaily)
Muzochita zambiri, nyumba zosakhalitsa zimakhalanso ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Pa chikondwerero cha "Burning Man" ku United States mu Ogasiti 2018, katswiri wa zomangamanga Arthur Mamou-Mani adapanga kachisi wotchedwa "Galaxia", womwe uli ndi matabwa a 20 ozungulira, ngati chilengedwe chachikulu. Pambuyo pazochitikazo, nyumba zosakhalitsazi zidzagwetsedwa, monga zojambula za mchenga za mandala ku Tibetan Buddhism, kukumbutsa anthu: yamikirani nthawiyi.
(Chitsime: Archdaily)
Mu Okutobala 2020, pakati pa mizinda itatu ya Beijing, Wuhan ndi Xiamen, nyumba zitatu zazing'ono zamatabwa zidamangidwa nthawi yomweyo. Uku ndiye kuwulutsa kwapa pompopompo kwa "Reader" ya CCTV. Pakuwulutsa kwamasiku atatu komanso masiku otseguka kwa milungu iwiri, anthu 672 ochokera m'mizinda itatu adalowa m'malo owerengera mokweza kuti awerenge. Zipinda zitatuzo zidawona nthawi yomwe adanyamula bukhulo ndikuwerenga zomwe zili m'mitima yawo, ndikuwona zowawa zawo, chisangalalo, kulimba mtima ndi chiyembekezo.
Ngakhale kuti zinatenga miyezi yosakwana iwiri kuchokera pakupanga, kumanga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kugwetsa, kufunikira kwaumunthu komwe kumadza ndi nyumba yosakhalitsa yotereyi ndi yoyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala ndi omanga.
(Chitsime: CCTV's "Reader")
Mutawona nyumba zosakhalitsa izi pomwe kutentha, radicalism ndi avant-garde zimakhalira limodzi, kodi muli ndi chidziwitso chatsopano cha zomangamanga?
Phindu la nyumba silikhala pa nthawi yosungira, koma ngati zimathandiza kapena kulimbikitsa anthu. Poona zimenezi, zimene nyumba zosakhalitsa zimasonyeza ndi mzimu wamuyaya.
Mwina mwana yemwe adatetezedwa ndi nyumba yocheperako ndikuyendayenda mu Serpentine Gallery atha kukhala wopambana Mphotho ya Pritzker.
Nthawi yotumiza: 21-04-22